The diagnosis must be initiated immediately on noticing any suspicious lumps or nodules in the breast. Initially, the symptoms, social habits, medical history, menstrual and reproductive history and family history of the patient are reviewed. A physical examination is done to identify lumps and observe any changes in the breast’s size, shape, and colour. To […]
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There is no proven preventive step for breast cancer. Throughout life, people come across several factors that increase their risk. Among them, some factors, such as alcohol consumption, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle may be changed, whereas some factors, such as getting older and family history cannot be changed. According to WHO, about 30% to
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Although the exact cause of breast cancer is unknown, researchers believe gene mutations, hormonal changes or environmental factors can cause cancer. Familial cancers account for approximately 10% of breast cancers. Tumour suppressor genes such as BRCA1, and BRCA2 are normally present in our body, whose function is to slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes
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Most types of breast cancers are classified as carcinomas that develop in the epithelial cells. When carcinomas develop in the breast they are specifically referred to as adenocarcinomas. Although, breast cancer is referred to as a single disease, it is categorized into non-invasive and invasive breast cancers based on its origin. Non-invasive breast cancer (carcinoma
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